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Development And Challenges Of Pneumatic Conveying Technology In Russia: a New Perspective On Solid Matter Conveying

1. WHAT IS “PNEUMATIC CONVEYING” AND HOW DOES IT TRANSFER SOLIDS?

Pneumatic conveying is a closed system technology that utilizes gas pressure and/or vacuum to transfer solids within a gas stream. The mixing ratio of solids to gas, as well as flow rates and pressures, are carefully monitored and controlled to efficiently transport the solids from their primary source to a secondary location, such as a reactor or process equipment. A dust collection system or filter element is then used to separate the solids from the gas stream, making it a key aspect of this technology’s design.

2. IS PNEUMATIC CONVEYING BETTER THAN MECHANICAL CONVEYING?

Pneumatic conveying systems offer several benefits compared to mechanical conveying systems. By utilizing a simple design and enclosed hose or pipe, materials can be easily transferred around obstacles, making it ideal for integrating into existing processes. This versatility is especially useful when space is limited. Furthermore, pneumatic conveyors have few moving parts and are closed systems, making them more reliable and cost-effective than mechanical systems. However, it’s important to note that pneumatic transfer may require more energy to operate and requires a dust collection or air filter unit. Additionally, certain materials may not be suitable for pneumatic transfer due to their size or stickiness, making mechanical conveying systems a more appealing option in some cases.

3. ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEMS?

After deciding that pneumatic conveying is the best solution for your process, understanding the two general classifications can help determine which method is most suitable. Dilute phase conveying involves suspending material in air, using high velocity and is suitable for conveying virtually all materials regardless of size, shape, or density. However, abrasive or easily crushed materials are not recommended to be transferred in this manner due to potential damage and erosion. Dense phase conveying moves materials at a lower velocity in non-suspension mode, using either a moving bed or plug flow. This type of flow is limited to materials with good air-retention characteristics or good permeability, making it ideal for fine powdered materials or seeds.

4. HOW DO I SELECT A PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEM FOR MY APPLICATION?

Determining whether dilute phase or dense phase classification is superior often lacks a definitive answer, as the decision primarily hinges on scale and power requirements, which vary widely between different applications. Additional factors that play crucial roles in the selection process encompass:

  • Material Properties‌: Characteristics of the powder, such as particle size and shape, bulk density, moisture content, abrasiveness, friability, cohesiveness, hygroscopicity, static charge, explosivity, toxicity, and melt point, among others.
  • Pipeline Bore Size‌: The diameter of the pipeline.
  • Conveying Distance‌: This includes both the overall length and the direction (horizontal and/or vertical) of the pipeline.
  • Available Pressure‌: The pressure resources available for the conveying process.
  • Conveying Air Velocity‌: The speed of the air used to transport the powder.
  • Transfer Capacity‌: This involves calculations based on powder properties, transfer distance, and the packaging of the powder.
  • Transfer Rate‌: The speed and frequency of powder transfer required.

Conducting product testing is imperative to ensure that the chosen conveying method functions effectively.

5. HOW WILL I KNOW IF MY PRODUCT IS A GOOD CANDIDATE FOR A PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEM?

Pneumatic conveying systems are engineered to accommodate a diverse array of material flow properties. Typically, dry materials such as flour, cement, sand, plastic pellets, various chemicals, food items, and minerals can be efficiently transported using pneumatic conveying technology. However, materials with substantial particle size and high bulk density, like gravel or rocks, as well as highly adhesive substances like titanium dioxide, pose significant challenges for pneumatic conveying systems. Additionally, materials like slurry or paste are generally unsuitable for this type of conveyance. Notably, some wet cakes can be transported, necessitating product testing in such cases.

Regarding Product Testing Options:

Before purchasing equipment, the vendor must offer a testing option to ascertain precise data ensuring that your product application meets your expectations. Firstly, define the specific criteria pertinent to your application. Commonly available testing options encompass:

  1. Renting a pneumatic conveying unit to conduct your product tests at your own pace within the real-world environment of your production facility.
  2. Sending a sample of your product to the vendor for a comprehensive product test to verify that your product will be conveyed as expected (often with the option for you to observe the testing procedures). This type of testing is generally conducted only on non-hazardous or non-explosive materials. The outcomes of such testing include detailed results, providing insights into the system’s conveyance success rate, material transfer rate, air consumption, and other pertinent data.

If you harbor any lingering questions about pneumatic conveying and its integration into your process, consulting a powder handling expert is advisable. Each process has its unique set of requirements, making it sometimes difficult to discern the definitive answer to your query. However, we are here to assist you!

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